In Taiwan, in situ remediation should focus on cost effectiveness and high treatment efficiency. Off-site remediation should focus on material reclamation and recycle. The project results show that the total concentrations of the tested heavy metal contaminants are reduced after the red brick manufacturing process. About the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) contaminants, the residual concentration after the manufacturing process was undetectable, indicated as N.D. The dioxins development showed no evidence of high levels of TPH and chloride during the red brick manufacturing process. In order to ensure the environmental safety of the red bricks containing the contaminated soils, the red bricks have to pass the standards of all receiving environments. Thus, the red bricks can be used as regular bricks in any way. The processing temperature should be at least 1,000℃ if the soil contains arsenic. The temperature should be at 1,000℃ if the soil contains copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead. The chromium and nickel can be processed at any regular brick manufacturing temperatures. Because the brick usage is designed regular, the upper limits for the concentrations of the studied heavy metal contaminants are listed in Table 6.6-1. Considering the need of mixing other materials before the soils enter the brick manufacturing process, the permit applicants of the contaminated soil recycling have to show the mix percentage and the reason for mixing. The products can be grouped into 2 categories: WT (Without Testing) Products and non-WT (Non-Without Testing) Products. The non-WT products are further divided into 2 parts: WFT (Without Further Testing) Products and FT (Further Testing) Products. The red bricks manufactured with the soils containing the concentrations less than the limits shown in Table 6.6-1 are categorized as WFT products. On the other hand, the red bricks are FT products and are substitute to further usage limitations. A few suggestions for the future work: 1. Study the contaminants not permitted in the red brick manufacturing; 2. Study the contaminants permitted in the red brick manufacturing for other manufacturing processes; 3. After red brick industry are granted with the contaminated soil recycle permits, a series studies are needed to examine the limit concentrations designed in this project.

contaminated soil, off site, leaching characteristics